Saturday, February 29, 2020
A Native Role; Gary Snyder as the seer and prophet in ââ¬ËTurtle Islandââ¬â¢
A Native Role; Gary Snyder as the seer and prophet in ââ¬ËTurtle Islandââ¬â¢ Charles Altieri writes that in his collection of poetry, Turtle Island, Gary Snyder encapsulates two roles: the seer and the prophet. Altieri describes the two roles vaguely, the seer being one who is able to look past the irrelevant aspects of modern life to a purer kind of experience, while the prophet is able to articulate a traditional way of thinking native to the land of America. It could be argued that due to the vagueness surrounding the description of these two roles it would be hard not to find some continuity between Altieriââ¬â¢s idea and the poems, but regardless the distinction between the two roles can clearly be seen. Two good examples of Snyder acting as seer and prophet are the poems ââ¬Å"The Bathâ⬠and ââ¬Å"The Uses of Lightâ⬠respectively. Before the two poems can be dealt with, it is worth mentioning the title of the collection as incorporating both the vision of the seer and the understanding of the prophet. The name Turtle Island is a direct reference to Native American culture, it being a name for the American continent based off of the creation myths of several Native tribes. In his essay ââ¬Å"Gary Snyder: The Lessons of Turtle Islandâ⬠, Michael Castro writes that the title encapsulates a ââ¬Å"recurrent theme among its poems and essays [that there is a] need for modern Americans to return to the perception of the earth as a living organism to whom we are relatedâ⬠.[1] Through Castroââ¬â¢s note we can see that in the title, Turtle Island, the seer calls for the individual reader to abandon the ego so prevalent in modern culture, and see themselves as incorporated in a wider system entwined with not only the physical land of America, but also the earth as a whole, while the prophet emphasises that t his wider system is not a modern notion, but a far more indigenous and ancient concept held by the original inhabitants of the American continent. Even in his title Snyder is clearly shown to support Altieriââ¬â¢s idea of the seer and the prophet, setting a standard for the collection as a whole for upholding a clear artistic and symbolic intent. In ââ¬Å"The Bathâ⬠Snyder, acting as the seer, challenges modern notions surrounding the family and consciousness, advocating for a collective consciousness and a more naturalistic attitude towards family relations. The poem presents Snyder, his wife, and his young son Kai bathing together, and much of the imagery of the poem could easily be read as inappropriate due to the frank language Snyder uses: ââ¬Å"â⬠¦Washing-tickling out the scrotum, little anus, His penis curving up and getting hard As I pull back skin and try to wash it Laughing and jumping, flinging arms around, I squat all naked tooâ⬠. [2] This language, focussing particularly on Snyder describing his sonââ¬â¢s genitals, serves a purpose other than simply shocking the reader for affect. Rather, it symbolises an openness Snyder and his family have found through their countercultural practices that include Native beliefs, an openness that permits a relationship between father and son that many people, both within the poems context of the 1960s and a contemporary readership, would deem as inappropriate. By removing themselves from the cultural consciousness of the 1960s and accepting a countercultural lifestyle that borrows heavily from Native ideas about the family, Snyder is able to separate the body and sexuality, allowing for a freer relationship between his son and himself. As the seer, Snyder is able to see through the modern misconceptions of sexuality and thus embodies a type of familial experience that is more honest, tender, and open than that of the wider culture of 1960s America. This separation between the body and sexuality that Snyder proposes is continued throughout the poem, and is extended to a collective physicality through a shared consciousness. Throughout the poem there is a refrain that, though changing slightly, is based around the question ââ¬Å"is this our body?â⬠[Snyder, pp.12] As Snyderââ¬â¢s description of the familial bath is moved away from focussing primarily on the physicality of Kai and incorporates more collective actions, such as ââ¬Å"sucking milk from this our body sends through / jolts of light; the son, the father, / sharing motherââ¬â¢s joyâ⬠[Snyder, pp.13], and scenic depictions, such as ââ¬Å"The cloud across the sky. The windy pines. / the trickle gurgle in the swampy meadowâ⬠[Snyder, pp.14], the separation between Snyder, his wife, and his son becomes blurred and indistinct. The poemââ¬â¢s conclusion presents Snyderââ¬â¢s family as a unified whole, inseparable from each other and aware of their place on the Earth: ââ¬Å"This is our body. Drawn up crosslegged by the flames â⬠¦ Laughing on the Great Earth / Come out from the bath.â⬠[Snyder, pp.14] The progression from the questioning ââ¬Å"is this our body?â⬠to the declarative ââ¬Å"This is our bodyâ⬠shows an acceptance of an innate connection between the family members, as well as between the body and consciousness. While in a modern context the individual is taught to think in a more individual manner, and to stay away from communal thinking, Snyder, as the seer, incorporates Native thinking to show the connectedness of the world, that the individual ego does not exist but rather there is a collective consciousness that exists in many separate bodies. Furthermore, the mention of the ââ¬Å"Great Earthâ⬠suggests a link between this collective conscious and the connections that Native culture states exist in the natural world. Acting as the seer in ââ¬Å"The Bathâ⬠, Snyder does much to dissemble modern notions of egocentric conscious ness and installs in its place a collective consciousness that allows a more direct approach to experience. The role of prophet, to recognise and articulate a native way of American thinking that outdates America as a nation, can be seen in ââ¬Å"The Uses of Lightâ⬠, a poem that explores the many ways that light is used in the natural world. In the poem, Snyder records how five different entities use light, progressing from the least relatable to the reader to the most: first the stones, then the trees, moths, deer, and finally a voice one can assume to be that of Snyder himself taking on the perspective of a Native American. In the poem Snyder creates a sense of interconnectedness between these five entities, and also creates a sense that this connectedness, as a belief, is ancient. The first stanza, ââ¬Å"It warms my bones / say the stonesâ⬠, personifies the stones in a voice that has an elderly, archaic, creaky tone, suggesting a history to this belief that predates not only Snyder, but also perhaps modern American culture. As the first stanza, and thus the base of the hiera rchy of life that Snyder has created in the poem, the stones symbolise how deeply this connectedness is rooted in the natural world. While we, readers immersed in a modern culture and mode of thinking, assume that stones, unlike plant or animals, are not living creatures, Snyder articulates a Native belief that the world as whole entity is a living organism. Life, therefore, is not held only by those organisms that breathe and grow, but is rather a quality everything in our world has in common. The final stanza articulates this sense of Native tradition perhaps the most clearly: ââ¬Å"A high tower On a wide plain. If you climb up One floor Youââ¬â¢ll see a thousand miles more.â⬠[Snyder, pp.39] As Snyder, for the greater part of the collection, does not talk about an urban environment, but rather a rural great plains one, we can assume this ââ¬Å"towerâ⬠is not a literal anachronistic building, but rather a metaphor. Perhaps Snyder is taking on the viewpoint of a Native American who climbs a hill to survey this ââ¬Å"wide plainâ⬠? Light in the poem is frequently used as a means of survival: it warms the stones, it helps the tree grow, and allows the deer to be wary of predators, so perhaps this Native American is surveying the land for survival as well, wanting to ââ¬Å"see a thousand miles moreâ⬠to search for food or shelter. Through this interpretation Snyder, as the prophet, presents a use of light in accordance with a tradition native to the American land, as well showing how the indigenous people believed in sharing the light with the world as a whole and thus enforcing the connectedness that is so prevalent in Native culture. As both prophet and seer, Snyder floods Turtle Island with Native American belief, and creates a vision of America where a traditional interconnectedness exists as the primary driving force of life. Whether it is through the seer of ââ¬Å"The Bathâ⬠, or the prophet of ââ¬Å"The Uses of Lightâ⬠, the message Snyder presents is always the same, only the means he uses change. This message can be seen as a call back to a traditional way of thinking, turning away from the modern consciousness or mind-set, and accepting a way of life reminiscent of the ancient Turtle Island of the Native peoples. Citations Michael Castro, ââ¬Å"Gary Snyder: The Lessons of Turtle Islandâ⬠, Criticial Essays on Gary Snyder, ed. by Patrick D. Murphy, (Boston: G. K. Hall and co., 1991), pp.132 Gary Snyder, Turtle Island, (New York: New Directions Books, 1974), pp.12
Thursday, February 13, 2020
The Cognitive Approaches of Challenged the Concept of Behavioral Essay
The Cognitive Approaches of Challenged the Concept of Behavioral Theory - Essay Example A child learns new behaviours or is able to modify existing behaviours, as a function of environmental events that either reward or punish that behaviour. Skinnerââ¬â¢s learning theory is a move away from the traditional behaviourist approach of stimulus and response, as he differentiated between types of responses. When a response was elicited by a known stimulus it is considered to be associated with the known stimulus. Alternatively, responses that do not require a specific stimulus, which he termed operants, are independent of the stimulus. Skinner emphasized that it was the operant response that could be strengthened or weakened by the use of personal, social or environmental rewards or punishments respectively. Skinnerââ¬â¢s principles advocated the idea that learning could be ââ¬Ëprogrammed,ââ¬â¢ which fit with the 1960s initial explorations into computer-aided instruction. All that was required was for the student to practice, and to be provided with the ideal rei nforcement (i.e., reward or punishment). Students were perceived to learn through processes of rote memorization and amount of practice. A subject such as English has been greatly influenced by Skinnerââ¬â¢s principles of reinforcement in terms of being better able to regulate student behaviours and learning achievements. Information is reduced by the teacher into smaller components (e.g., poetry, spelling, vocabulary), and organized by the teacher into a format believed that the student will understand and can systematically build on.
Saturday, February 1, 2020
Management behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Management behavior - Essay Example Current customers were more interested in solutions and services rather than the products alone. InterClean Inc is a major player in the sanitation and cleaning industry with high quality products and efficient workforce. High quality products of InterClean can move in the market well only if the product selling backed with high quality services. Management behavior is important in determining the productivity of the workers and quality of services offered to the customers. The purpose of this memo is to inform all the first level managers at InterClean about the merger between InterClean and EnvironTech and the possible changes after the merger. I would like to explain how a manger should behave with his workers to improve their productivity, different types of management actions in line with the existing employment laws and the best strategies to work with a diverse workforce. ââ¬Å"Essential conditions of service such as good pay, motivation, incentives, regular promotions, training and development should be provided for the workforce so as to enable them put in their best in order to increase the level of their productivity in the organizationâ⬠(ADEKUNLE et al, 2009) Mangers can play a vital role in ensuring the employee satisfaction which is important in ensuring maximum productivity from them. A manager who fails to motivate the workers cannot ensure 100% productivity from them. In order to motivate the employees the first level managers must reward them for the good performances with incentives or promotions. The work culture should be developed in such a way that both the manager and the workers function in a healthy environment where no prejudices or biases control the management actions. In case of a conflict the manager should never take any one sided actions, instead he should take decisions after hearing the arguments of both the parties involved in the conflict. Positive work environment is another
Friday, January 24, 2020
Comparing the Puritan Setting in Scarlet Letter and Ministers Black Veil :: comparison compare contrast essays
Impact of the Puritan Setting Upon the Characters in The Scarlet Letter and The Minister's Black Veil This essay will examine the thematic relevance to the Puritan setting and its impact upon the characters and their development in both "The Scarlet Letter" and the short story, "The Minister's Black Veil." These two texts detail an accurate portrayal of what I assume the Puritan community to represent. This is partly because of the Puritan background within the works, but also considering that the main characters of these are deeply rooted within the Puritan faith and are, in different ways, in the public eye and are under separate scrutiny as a result of such. Mr. Hooper, being a minister, is considered a beacon and an exemplar of faith and righteousness in his community. One bright Sunday morning, Reverend Hooper dons a black veil to his congregation and lectures on sin and its appearance, or lack thereof. His congregation is outraged but intrigued by his use of the symbolic sheath. Since his sermon focuses on the "secret sin" of his parishoners and the entire community, they are d rawn to assume that Mr. Hooper, himself, carries with his a "secret sin" which he is hiding from underneath his veil. Now Hawthorne titles this short story as a parable which leads one to conclude that the veil is used a not only a symbol of "secret sin" but a paradox. His congregation is so concerned and obsessed with his personal sins that they forget about their own; this was the intent of Mr. Hooper's veil: to cause them to reflect upon their own spiritual status and to confess their sins. But the Puritans, notorious for their pride within practice and fallacy within faith, ignore this allegorical costume and sensationalize his message. Because, after all, Mr. Hooper must be hiding SOMETHING underneath that veil of his... The second character under scrutiny by their community and this English major is Hester Prynne, a young woman forced to don a scarlet letter "A" to signify to herself and to her community that she is a marked sinner. The letter, much like the veil, is an exterior symbol of appearance which is a popular device of Hawthorne; the outward appearance is an important aspect of the P uritan faith in that it reflects upon the interior climate. Interestingly, these symbols and their stewards are instituted for the benefit of the community.
Thursday, January 16, 2020
Introduction of Support Group & Online Support Group
Support groups bring together people facing similar issues, whether that's illness, relationship problems or major life changes. Members of support groups often share experiences and advice. It can be helpful just getting to talk with other people who are in the same boat. While not everyone wants or needs support beyond that offered by family and friends, you may find it helpful to turn to others outside your immediate circle. A support group can help you cope better and feel less isolated as you make connections with others facing similar challenges.A support group shouldn't replace your standard medical care, but it can be a valuable resource to help you cope (Staff, 2013). Examples of support groups include those who have similar illnesses, diseases, or chronic conditions, such as cancers and addiction. Also support groups help people with relationship problems, such as divorce and adoption, as well as those with major life changes, such as the death of a partner or child, caring for an elderly parent, divorce, or job loss (Corey, 1997).Members of support groups typically share their own personal experiences and provide each other with helpful advice. It can be extremely therapeutic to actively communicate with others who face the same types of life challenges. Generally, support group members are not judgmental. Being negatively judged sometimes happens when an individual discusses their problems with close family members and friends. Additionally, a support group can help people feel much less isolated or alone as they make valuable ââ¬Å"connectionsâ⬠with other ââ¬Å"like-mindedâ⬠people (Yalom, I.à 1995).While a support group should never replace professional medical or psychiatric care, it can be a valuable resource to assist individuals in effectively coping with their problems. Support groups occur in a variety of different formats or settings, including in-person group discussions, telephone conversations, and online groups. Groups ar e often formed by non-profit organizations, advocacy groups, mental health clinics, hospitals, medical websites, and by a ââ¬Å"layâ⬠sufferer.Online support groups can help someone gain a sense of control or empowerment and reduce their levels of stress, depression, or anxiety by promoting open, honest sharing of personal feelings, mutual emotional support, comfort, ââ¬Å"virtualâ⬠hugging, sharing of practical treatment information, coping strategies, personal experiences, and ââ¬Å"success storiesâ⬠by way of e-mails and Internet group discussion boards (Wessel, K, 1996). Since at least 1982, the internet has provided a new venue for support group (John Schappi, 2012).Discussing online self-help support groups as the precursor to e-therapy, Martha Ainsworth notes that ââ¬Å"the enduring success of these groups has firmly established the potential of computer-mediated communication to enable discussion of sensitive personal issues. For example Email, Usenet and internet bulletin boards have become popular methods of communication for peer-to-peer self-help groups and facilitated support groups.Support groups have long offered companionship and information for people coping with diseases or disabilities, and online situational oriented groups have expanded to offer support for people facing various life circumstances, especially those involving personal and cultural relationships (Van Brunt, 2008). A convenient aspect of online support groups is the around the clock availability to its members. People can go online to blog or chat with others anytime of the day or night. There are no time constraints like there potentially would be with an in-person support group with scheduled meetings.Access to help is always available with online support groups. We've seen the development of both synchronous groups (where individuals exchange messages in real time) and asynchronous groups, where members not simultaneously online can read and exchange mes sages. In a study conducted by Gunther Eysenbach, John Powell, Marina Englesakis, Carlos Rizo, and Anita Stern (2004), the researchers found it difficult to draw conclusions on the effectiveness of online peer-to-peer support groups.In online support groups, people must have the desire to support and help each other, and many times participants go on the sites in order to get help themselves or are limited to a certain subgroup. An additional benefit to online support groups is that participation is asynchronous. This means that it is not necessary for all participants to be logged into the forum simultaneously in order to communicate.An experience or question can be posted and others can answer questions or comment on posts whenever they are logged in and have an appropriate response. This characteristic allows for participation and mass communication without having to worry about time constraints. Additionally, there are 24 hour chat rooms and spaces for focused conversation at al l times of the day or night (Uken, J, 1996). This allows users to get the support they need whenever they need it, while remaining anonymous and comfortable.
Tuesday, January 7, 2020
Team Development - 974 Words
What channel has been used for team development in past 5 years in MPHK? In 2008, the first year to launch the new training or workshop to all departments we selected four to five staff from each department to join the workshop and train up them to be the departmental trainer by classes and courses. But the result and the feedback from the trainer is not too positive and effectively, because the training for them is so new and they canââ¬â¢t always apply in work to build up the team in the department. In 2009, according to last year comments and feedback, we decided to add more activity which the trainers get more involved rather just sit in the class room only listen. We start the outing activities, e.g. hiking, one day campus outing,â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦E.g. there have some team building campus where can let us rent for a day with activities. Also, I suggest that we should have cross training within the company, trainer should go to other department for training and see what they are doing, people can learn from others situation and different environment, also they can better understand others department staff work procedure to be more respect others during work, after the trainer learn from other department, he/ she can share the experience to the team, this may help them to solve the similar problems in the future. Beside trainer, we also can select some staff cross department training too, but it need to base on their willing and needs. Chapter 4 Conclusion In the past five year, we can see the team development channel has been change from class room style and seminar to much more on activities and outing, activities and outing which are effective training channel with a bit more cost, but this can make people get the main point of training and made them feel they are part on the team, rather feel boring sitting in the class room only listen. Therefore, exchange relationship in training are more effective compare with class room and seminar channel, also the trainer and training tools are play veryShow MoreRelatedTeam Building And Development Team1518 Words à |à 7 Pages Team Building and Development It takes extraordinary leadership to assemble great teams. Leaders who are not reluctant to course right, making challenging choices and launch principles of implementation that are continually being met ââ¬â and enhancing them at all times. 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Monday, December 30, 2019
How Does Locality Affect The Type And Amount Of Support...
SOCIAL SURVEY TOPIC QUESTION How does locality affect the type and amount of support for people with disability? The topic for this social research assignment is focused on rural, regional and city based people with disabilities. For this paper a disability is defined as a mental or physical impairment that affects a personââ¬â¢s ability to complete day to day tasks. Quantitative research methods will be critically evaluated and explored throughout this paper on the topic of ââ¬Ëhow locality affects the type and amount of support for people with disabilityââ¬â¢. The aim is to critique and evaluate the quantitative method as the primary means for collecting data relating to the patterns and trends surrounding this social issue. The interest in this topic has been generated by a personal disability and the amount of support received. Therefore, this research will endeavour to understand if and why there is funding gap between areas of Australia. This will be done by seeing if there is a correlation between, age, area, socio- economic status and severity of disability through targeting a quantitative survey towards a population of disabled people and those who work with the disabled. It is important to understand if there is a gap between the amount and type of services provided through a sociological point of view so that the gap in the services provided between different areas of the state can, if possible, be closed. According to Wark, S, Hussain, R, Edwards, H (2013) those thatShow MoreRelatedMs Lou1635 Words à |à 7 Pagesarea of safeguarding individuals from abuse. It identifies different types of abuse and the signs and symptoms that might indicate abuse is occurring. It considers when individuals might be particularly vulnerable to abuse and what a learner must do if abuse is suspected or alleged. 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Physical and cognitive disabilities can greatly influence the information seeking behaviors of senior citizens. Physical disabilities such as vision impairment and decreases in mobility and manual dexterity limit access to information as well as entire information resources. It is alleged that nearly two-thirds of the legallyRead MoreA Resident Of The United States Of America Essay5193 Words à |à 21 Pagesvery difficult to accomplish. Roberto has a disadvantage on his part already since he crossed the border, making his situation more complexed for him to become a resident due to him violating the law. His aspirations are difficult to achieve since he does not have immediate family members that are United States citizen, therefore it is difficult for him to become a United States resident in a fast manner. An alternative t hat may help Roberto become a resident would be if his aunt Celia would file an
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